Ramadan

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar; month of blessed, month of revealed the Holy Quran, the best month in a year, and month to achieve Jannah. Fasting on Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, pillars are referred here as duties.

Meaning of Ramadan: Ramadan means burning, the word Ramadan derived from �Ramad� means burn, the real meaning is burning of sins, if we fast in the way that Allah (SWT) likes and wants, then He (SWT) will forgive all of our sins such as fire burn the garbage.

Narrated by Abu Huraira (R) that our beloved Prophet (PBUH) said: "Whoever observes fasts during the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping to attain Allah's rewards, and then all his past sins will be forgiven."(Al-Bukhari).

Abu Huraira also narrated that Prophet (PBUH) said: �Whoever fails to leave off ruinous speech, and acting on it [during Ramadan], Allah (SWT) does not need him to leave off eating and drinking.� (Al-Bukahri).

Fasting:

Meaning of Fasting: The Arabic word for Fasting is Sawm, literally means "to refrain" - and it means not only refraining from food and drink, but also from evil actions, thoughts, and words.
Types of Fasting: According to Imam Al-Ghazali (Rahmatullah Alayhi) there three types of Fasting:

1. Regular Peoples Fasting: Abstain from foods, drinks and other desire: Ordinary peoples fasting,
2. Special Persons Fasting: Number 1, plus control all body parts from sins: Most pious peoples fasting,
3. Super Special Persons Fasting: Number 1 and 2, plus, control mind from all kinds of bad thinking and remembering Allah (SWT) : Prophets fasting

During Ramadan, every part of the body must be restrained. The tongue must be restrained from backbiting and gossip. The eyes must restrain themselves from looking at unlawful things. The hand must not touch or take anything that does not belong to it. The ears must refrain from listening to idle talk or obscene words. The feet must refrain from going to sinful places. In such a way, every part of the body observes the fast.

In a Hadith, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: � that the feet of the son of Adam will not be able to move until he is questioned regarding the following four things:

1. How did you spend your youth ?
2. How did you utilize your body limbs ?
3. How did you spend your brain / talent / knowledge ?
4. How did you earn money and how did you spend it? 

Therefore, fasting is not merely physical, but is rather the total commitment of the person's body and soul to the spirit of the fast.

SIGFICANCE OF RAMADAN AND FASTING

1. Question: Why Fasting ? 
Answer: Ramadan Clean Heart�s Spots: 

Clean LampDark Chimni
Fig. Harican Lamp
During 11 months, with the influence of Saitan people do bad deeds as a result their heart became black due to deposition of black spots, like chimni (glass) of a Harican Lamp become black due to deposition of spots in its inner side. (People use Harican in the rural area where there are no electricity or city areas in absence of electricity). To remove the black spot from the glass (chimni) people usually clean it every evening prior to use at night, similarly to clean our heart�s dart Allah (SWT) arrange such a system which is called Fasting in Ramadan.

2. In Details description about Fasting in the holy Quran:

Allah (SWT) mentioned in the Holy Quran " I have created Jinns and men, only for My Ibadah". Sura: Adh-Dhariyat: 51: 56

We know that what ever we do it will be treated as �Ibadah� if we do according to the Quran and Sunnah. Allah (SWT) discussed in detailed (1 ruku) about only one Ibadat in Holy Quran that is Sawm / Fasting. The rest of the �Ibadat� were discussed in brief such as Salat, He says �Ikimus Salat� means establish prayer, nothing mentioned about that Fajr prayer how many rakah , Dhur how many rakah etc. For Zakah only says �Ya A-tu Zakah� nothing mentioned how much Zakah for different types of wealth such as gold, silver, crop, and property. For Hajj, He (SWT) mentioned to perform Hajj, but nothing mentioned about all the necessary performance during Hajj, so that we can realize the importance of Sawm / Fasting.

3. Fasting For ME (SWT):

Abu Hurayra (R) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), said, "Allah, the Mighty and Exalted said, 'Every action of the son of Adam is for himself except fasting, for that is solely for Me. I give the reward for it�. (Al Bukhari).

On the above mentioned hadith we know that Allah (SWT) says that �As-sawmuli� means Sawm (Fasting) is for Me (SWT). He never says Al-Hajjuli (means Hajj for Me) or As-Salatuli (Namaz is for Me) or Aj-Zakatuli (Zakat for Me). Off course all prayers what we do are for the sake of Allah (SWT). Allah (SWT) also says �As-Sawmuli Wa ala Ajjabii� means Fasting is for Me and I (SWT) will give Myself its reward. We know that all of our good deeds are written by Angle except Fasting. Have you ever think that how much reward Allah (SWT) can offer for you for Sawm.

Our Beloved Prophet (PBUH) said that "If my followers realize what Ramadan really is (based on reward), they would wish that the whole year be Ramadan�.

4. The Month of Quran: 

Quranquran

Fig: Picture: Original Noble Quran

The month of Ramadan is called the month of the Qur'an. The Holy Quran was revealed this month. �Balhum Quranum Mazidun Fi Lawhay Mohfuz:

Ibn `Abbas and others have said, "Allah sent the Qur'an down all at one time from the Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz) to the House of Might (Baytul-`Izzah), which is in the heaven of this world. Then it came down in parts to the Messenger of Allah based upon the incidents that occurred over a period of twenty-three years.''

Flow Diagram Showing the Original Source of Noble Quran and How it Came to Our Beloved Prophet (PBUH):

[Night of Qudr] [Through Jibril (AS)] 

Original Place: Arsh-al-Ajim ?Law-hi-Mahfuj ? Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
[Memorized it and Wrote by his companion for Preservation]

Allah (SWT) gave us many gift

Allah (SWT) gave us many gift, among them the best one is Al-Quran, the guidance for all human beings, not only for Muslims.

5. Renewal of Contact with the Qur�an 

Cvae Hira Fig: Cave Hira

Ramadan and the Qur�an are linked together from the beginning. In this month this divine message was revealed to our Prophet (PBUH). We are told that the Prophet (PBUH) was fasting when he received the first revelation. Fasting prepares the believers' hearts to learn the Word of Allah. It is the most suitable condition for our spiritual and mental communication with the Qur�an. The Muslim Ummah pays more attention to the Qur�an in this month. This renewed contact with the Qur�an must help us in following its message.

" Ramadan is the (month) in which was sent down the Qur'an, as a guide to mankind, also clear (Signs) for guidance and judgment (Between right and wrong)". Sura Baqara: 2:185.

"This is the Book, In it is guidance sure, without doubt. To those who fear God". Sura Baqara: 2:2.

"He is the One Who sends to His Servant Manifest Signs, that He may lead you from the depths of Darkness into the Light and verily Allah is to you most kind and Merciful". Sura: Hadid: 57: 9

6. Taqwa: 

Taqwaa

"O You who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may attain God-consciousness / Taqwa�". Sura Bakara: 2:183
What is Taqwa ? Taqwa is the sum total of Islamic life. It is the highest of all virtues in the Islamic scheme of things. It means, God-consciousness, piety, fear and awe of Allah and it signifies submission to Allah and total commitment to all that is good and rejection of all that is evil and bad.

Example of Taqwa: One day Hazrat Umar (R) asked Hazrat Amer Bin As (R), can you give an example of Taqwa ? Amer ( R) said yes: Suppose you are walking in a street that�s surroundings are covered by spinney bushes. Amer ( R ) asked Omar ( R ) how do proceed through that street neither harming you nor tore your garments. Than Omar (R) said that I will fold my dress as well myself in such a way that the spine can�t get any chance to crutch me as well as my garments. Than Amer (R) said that is an example of Taqwa. We will live in the society with lot of bad things but we should refrain ourselves all of those bad things / unlawful acts like the fish (certain type) who lives in the mud, but mud wouldn�t touch the fish.

7. Jihad or Struggle: 

Fasting in Ramadan and Jihad both of them were prescribed in the same year, that is the second year of Hijrah in Madinah. Fasting prepares for hardships and sacrifice. Jihad is not possible without these two important things. Muslim learns in Ramadan how to struggle against the forces of evil for himself, in the society around him, and in the world at large. 
Prophet (PBUH) said that: "The mujahid is he who makes jihad against his nafs (ego) for the sake of obeying Allah (Tirmidhi and Ahmad).

8. A Fresh Sense of Care and Sympathy:

Fasting in the month of Ramadan helps us to understand the suffering and the pains of the poor and needy. We learn how to be more kind and generous in this month.

Ibn �Abbas ( R) and his father, relates that �The Prophet (PBUH), was the most generous of people. He was even more generous in Ramadan when Jibriel (A) would meet him and review the Qur�an with him. Jabriel (A) would come to him every night of Ramadan to review the Qur�an. During these times, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), was more generous than the freely blowing wind.� (Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

9. Great opportunity to listen the whole Quran:

Great opportunity to listen the whole Quran

During taraweeh prayers, especially those who are not able to recite the Quran (busy people / ones who didn�t know how to recite) is a great opportunity for them to listen the Holy Quran during the month of Ramadan. Those who can read the Arabic script should do so in Arabic, even if they do not fully understand what they are reading. They should also try to read through the English translation. Those who are unable to read Arabic or English, should try to read through the entire Bangla translation.

10. During Ramadan the gates of Heaven are open and the gates of hell are closed and Saitans are chained:

Our beloved Prophet (PBUH) said �during the month of Ramadan of gates of Heavens are open and the gates of hell are closed and Saitans are chained�. 

There might be a question arise in our mind that if the Saitans are chained during the month of Ramadan, why people are doing sinful act during Ramadan? 

Manual Winding Watch Fig. Manual Winding Watch

There is a logical answer to that question. People use hand watch to check their daily time to perform work on time. There are a different types of winding system for hand watch, mainly the old fashion ones (except that battery operated / automatic ones). Some winding system may exist one day, some of them one week and certain watch for a month. Saitan also follows the winding technology for human being to do bad things. So those people who continue to do bad things / sinful acts during the month of Ramadan, in that case Saitan winded him / her in such a way that his winding system exist more than one month. Therefore in absence of Saitan, winding system existed in human being and continues to do bad things / sinful acts during Ramadan.

11. Months of Rahmah, Magferah (forgiveness) and seek salvation (najat) from Hell fire:

Our Beloved Prophet (PBUH) said that "Ramadan is a month whose beginning is Mercy, whose middle is Forgiveness and whose end is freedom from the fire."

Mercy > Forgiveness > Freedom from Fire 

Forgiveness

Duas during the Holy month of Ramadan:

1st 10 days : Yaa Hayyu Yaa Qayyoomu, bi-rahmatika astagheethu

2nd 10 days: astaghfirullaah-al Azeem-alladzi laa illaha illa Huwa-al Hyyu-l-Qayyoomu wa atobu ilayh

3rd 10 days: Rabbana aatina fi-ddunyaa hasanatanwa fil-aakhirati hasanatanwa qinaa adzaab-annaar

Abu Hurairah ( R) reports, Prophet (PBUH) declared, 'Three persons whose dua is never rejected (by Allah) are: the fasting person until he breaks his fast (in another narration, when he breaks fast), the just ruler and the one who is oppressed. (Ahmad, Tirmidhi).

Most Deprive Person: 

The following incident will highlight the utmost importance of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Once while mounting the mimber (pulpit) of his Masjid for khutba (sermon), the Prophet (PBUH) was heard saying

"Aameen" on the first step of the mimber. He repeated the same act on the second and third steps. It was an unusual act for the Companions. After the Prophet (PBUH) completed the khutba and prayer, the Companions requested him to explain his act so that they could also benefit from it. The Prophet (PBUH) replied, 

"When I mounted the first step, Aangel Jibreel appeared and said �May the person be destroyed who got the month of Ramadan but did not secure forgiveness.� Thereupon I said �Aameen'.

When I mounted the second step, Jibreel said, 'May that person be destroyed who refrains from reciting salat (darood) when your name is mentioned in his presence'. Thereupon I said �Aameen'.

And when I mounted the third step, Jibreel said �May that person be destroyed whose both parents or one parent happen to reach old age and he did not attain Allah's forgiveness (by serving them).� Thereupon I said �Aameen'."

12. Medical and Moral Benefit for Fasting: 

Fasting extended our life, reduced our body growth due to consume less food. According to Medical report Fasting also increases disease resistance power such as hard disease, diabetic, cancer, gastric, and memory capacity.

Prophet (PBUH) said � If you fast you will be healthy (Ahmed)

Narated by Abu Huraira (R) Prophet (PBUH) said that � There is a Zakat for all wealth, but Zakat for Human body is Fasting (Ibn Maja)

13. Fasting is a special type of Ibadat, Training for the 1.83 Billion People (World�s Muslim Population) at the Same Time:

For Salat it takes few minutes, for Haj 2 weeks once in a life, for Zakat may be few hours for Calculation and submission, but Fasting is completely different. It includes the following 30 days course: Eat last night meal, fasting in the day time, abstain from sexual relation in the day time, besides that abstain from telling lies, backbiting, use fowl talk, avoid quarrel, julm, avoid dance, music, movie, cinemas, illegial activities, earn halal way, spend money for buying halal food and eat halal food during iftar, perform taragee prayer with jamat at Masjid, recite Quran prior or after sleep, get up at last night and pray Tahazzud seek forgiveness, eat last night meal, pray fazar prayer and sleep, get up and do work and observe fasting. This daily cycle goes unto 30 days whole Muslim Ummah in the World (1.83 billon). It will help to adjust / establish our body clock to Islamic life style.

14. Ramadan Generosity:

The month of Ramadan brings many blessings multiplied many fold for those who do good deeds. During this month people are more generous, more cordial, more friendly and more ready than other times of the year to do good deeds. The poor and the needy receive food, clothing and money from the well-to-do in the community. Many people go to the Masjid in the neighborhood for fast breaking and meals. People in the neighborhood send fruit, food and drinks to the Masjid - the atmosphere is that of a friendly pot luck dinner every evening of the month. Zakat, a wealth purifying tax, and donations are given at this time of the year since many Muslims wish to take the opportunity of multiplied rewards from Allah (SWT).

15. Laylat al-Qadr:

There is a night in the month of Ramadan called Qadr / Night of Power which is better than 1000 Months (84.3 years), Allah (SWT) mentioned in the following verse of the Holy Quran: Sura: Qadr: 97: 3 

In true sense the Laylat-al-Qard is better than 1000 months. Arabic word �alfun� means thousands and thousands, which means the welfare of this universe had never been happened within thousand and thousand years, but it happened on the night of Qadr. The welfare considered here the revelation of the Holy Quran, the best gift and the guide for all human being.

According to authentic teachings of our Beloved Prophet (PBUH) Muslims are advised to seek Lailat-ul-Qadr in the odd nights out of the last ten nights of Ramadan.''(Al-Bukhari).

Abu Hurayrah reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said that �those who prays on the night of Qadr with faith and hope, Allah (SWT) will forgiven his all previous sins� (Al-Bukhari).

Dua: The Mother of believers Aishah (R) reported: I asked: "O Messenger of Allah! If I realize Lailat-ul-Qadr, what should I supplicate in it?'' He (PBUH) replied, "You should supplicate: Allahumma innaka `afuwwun, tuhibbul-`afwa, fa`fu `anni. Meaning: O Allah, You are Most Forgiving, and You love forgiveness; so forgive me).� (At-Tirmidhi).

16. Fasting is Like Shield:

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, "Verily fasting is a trust. Let each, therefore, take good care of his trust." He further said, "Fasting is a shield against sins (Ahmad). When a person fasts in the proper manner and implements all the etiquette of fasting, he will free himself of sins and gain salvation from hell. If one of you is fasting, you should avoid obscenity and quarrelling, and if somebody should fight or quarrel with you, you should say, �I am fasting'."

We can observe in our Muslim Community that there are many brothers who smoke daily (some one chain smoker), but during the month of Ramadan they quit smoking in the day time just for fear Allah (SWT). This is one of the good example that how Fasting act as a shield to prevent our bad habit.

17. Multiple Rewards: 10 to 700 Fold:

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said: "Every good deed is rewarded from ten to seven hundred times, except for the reward of fasting�. In other words, there is no limit for the reward of fasting. Allah (SWT) will give the reward for fasting Himself and will not delegate this task to the angels.

During this month Nafal is rewarded as Farz, and one Farz is rewarded as seventy Farz.

Abu Umamah reported: "I came to the Messenger of Allah and said: 'Order me to do a deed that will allow me to enter Paradise.' He said: 'Stick to fasting, as there is no equivalent to it.' Then I came to him again and he said: 'Stick to fasting."' [Ahmad and an-Nasa'i].

18. Fasting and Noble Quran will intercede on the day of Judgement:

`Abdullah ibn `Amr reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUM) said: "The fast and the Qur'an are two intercessors for the servant of Allah on the Day of Resurrection. The fast will say: 'O Lord, I prevented him from his food and desires during the day. Let me intercede for him.' The Qur'an will say: 'I prevented him from sleeping at night. Let me intercede for him.' And their intercession will be accepted." [Ahmad].

19. Month of Forgiveness

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): Allahs�s Messenger (PBUH) said, �The gates of Paradise are opened on Mondays and Thursdays, and then every slave (of Allah) is granted forgiveness if he does not associate anything with Allah in worship. But the person in whose heart there is rancor (ill feeling) against his (Muslim) brother (or sister), they will not be pardoned and with regard to them it will be said twice: �Hold both of them until they are reconciled with each other.��[Muslim]

Uqbah bin Amar (RA) reported that Prophet (PBUH) said,� Whoever sees a fault in his Muslim brother and he keeps it hidden he is like one who saved a live buried gril�

Jabir b. Abdullah reported that Prophet (PBUH) said: "Allah is not merciful to whim who is not merciful to people ". ( Bukhari, Muslim )

Our Beloved Prophet (PBIH) said: �A Muslim is the brother of a fellow-Muslim. He should neither commit oppression upon him nor ruin him, and he who meets the need of a brother, Allah would meet big needs, and he who relieved a Muslim from hardship, Allah would relieve him from the hardships to which he would be put on the Day of Resurrection, and he who did not expose (the follies of a Muslim) Allah would conceal his follies on the Day of Resurrection�. ( Bukhari, Muslim )

Dear brother and sister please try to do good deeds as much as possible during this Holy Month of Ramadan. We need more and more hasana, because we don�t know what will happen on the day of judgment. In case if you have shortage of just one hasana to go to the Jannah, can you get it from any body? No, even mother will go her son and request him to give her just one hasana. The Mother will say my dear son, I beared you 10 month and 10 days, I fed my breast 2 � years, I toke care of you during your childhood, and supported your educational expenses, give me just one hasana. The son will say, sorry mother I need it for myself. How critical should be the day of Judgment.

My dear brothers and sisters there is no any guaranty that this blessed Month of Ramadan will came back in our life next year. Please remembers everyday all of your family members including your beloved parents, relatives, friends & well wishers, teachers and neighbors among them who have already been departed from us, and make dua for their magferah prior to break fast and also in sujud during Tahazzud prayer. Personally I wish all of your happy Ramadan and ask Allah (SWT) to forgive all Muslim brothers and sisters past sins (Ameen). Allah hafiz

Ramadan

Fasting during Ramadan was ordained during the second year of Hijrah. Why not earlier? In Makkah the economic conditions of the Muslims were bad. They were being persecuted. Often days would go by before they had anything to eat. It is easy to skip meals if you don�t have any. Obviously fasting would have been easier under the circumstances. So why not then?

The answer may be that Ramadan is not only about skipping meals. While fasting is an integral and paramount part of it, Ramadan offers a comprehensive program for our spiritual overhaul. The entire program required the peace and security that was offered by Madinah.

Yes, Ramadan is the most important month of the year. It is the month that the believers await with eagerness. At the beginning of Rajab � two full months before Ramadan � the Prophet Muhammad, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam, used to supplicate thus: �O Allah! Bless us during Rajab and Sha�ban, and let us reach Ramadan (in good health).�

During Ramadan the believers get busy seeking Allah�s mercy, forgiveness, and protection from Hellfire. This is the month for renewing our commitment and re-establishing our relationship with our Creator. It is the spring season for goodness and virtues when righteousness blossoms throughout the Muslim communities. �If we combine all the blessings of the other eleven months, they would not add up to the blessings of Ramadan,� said the great scholar and reformer ShaikhAhmedFarooqi (MujaddadAlifThani). It offers every Muslim an opportunity to strengthen his Iman, purify his heart and soul, and to remove the evil effects of the sins committed by him.

�Anyone who fasts during this month with purity of belief and with expectation of a good reward (from his Creator), will have his previous sins forgiven,� said Prophet Muhammad, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam. �Anyone who stands in prayers during its nights with purity of belief and expectation of a reward, will have his previous sins forgiven.� As other ahadith tell us, the rewards for good deeds are multiplied manifold during Ramadan.

Along with the possibility of a great reward, there is the risk of a terrible loss. If we let any other month pass by carelessly, we just lost a month. If we do the same during Ramadan, we have lost everything. The person who misses just one day�s fast without a legitimate reason, cannot really make up for it even if he were to fast everyday for the rest of his life. And of the three persons that Prophet, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam cursed, one is the unfortunate Muslim who finds Ramadan in good health but does not use the opportunity to seek Allah�s mercy.

One who does not fast is obviously in this category, but so also is the person who fasts and prays but makes no effort to stay away from sins or attain purity of the heart through the numerous opportunities offered by Ramadan. The Prophet,Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam, warned us: �There are those who get nothing from their fast but hunger and thirst. There are those who get nothing from their nightly prayers but loss of sleep.�

Those who understood this, for them Ramadan was indeed a very special month. In addition to fasting, mandatory Salat, and extra Travih Salat, they spent the whole month in acts of worship like voluntary Salat, Tilawa (recitation of Qur�an),Dhikr etc. After mentioning that this has been the tradition of the pious people of this Ummah throughout the centuries, Abul Hasan Ali Nadvi notes: � I have seen with my own eyes suchulema and mashaikh who used to finish recitation of the entire Qur�an everyday during Ramadan. They spent almost the entire night in prayers. They used to eat so little that one wondered how they could endure all this. These greats valued every moment of Ramadan and would not waste any of it in any other pursuit�Watching them made one believe the astounding stories of Ibada and devotion of our elders recorded by history.�

This emphasis on these acts of worship may sound strange � even misplaced � to some. It requires some explanation. We know that the term Ibada (worship and obedience) in Islam applies not only to the formal acts of worship and devotion likeSalat , Tilawa, and Dhikr, but it also applies to worldly acts when performed in obedience to Shariah and with the intention of pleasing Allah. Thus a believer going to work is performingIbada when he seeks Halal income to discharge his responsibility as a bread-winner for the family. However a distinction must be made between the two. The first category consists of direct Ibada, acts that are required for their own sake. The second category consists of indirect Ibada � worldly acts that become Ibada through proper intention and observation of Shariah. While the second category is important for it extends the idea of Ibada to our entire life, there is also a danger because by their very nature these acts can camouflage other motives. (Is my going to work really Ibada or am I actually in the rat race?). Here the direct Ibada comes to the rescue. Through them we can purify our motives, and re-establish our relationship with Allah.

Islam does not approve of monasticism. It does not ask us to permanently isolate ourselves from this world, since our test is in living here according to the Commands of our Creator. But it does ask us to take periodic breaks from it. The mandatorySalat (five daily prayers) is one example. For a few minutes every so many hours throughout the day, we leave the affairs of this world and appear before Allah to remind ourselves that none but He is worthy of worship and of our unfaltering obedience. Ramadan takes this to the next higher plane, providing intense training for a whole month.

This spirit is captured in I�tikaf, a unique Ibada associated with Ramadan, in which a person gives up all his normal activities and enters a mosque for a specific period. There is great merit in it and every Muslim community is encouraged to provide at least one person who will perform I�tikaf for the last ten days of Ramadan. But even those who cannot spare ten days are encouraged to spend as much time in the mosque as possible.

Through direct Ibada we �charge our batteries�; the indirect ones allow us to use the power so accumulated in driving the vehicle of our life. Ramadan is the month for rebuilding our spiritual strength. How much we benefit from it is up to us.

EID-ul-Adha & Qurbani

Almighty Allah says in the Holy Quran, Chapter 22 Verse 34 :�And to every nation we have appointed acts of devotion (sacrifice) that they may mention the name of Allah on what He has given them of the cattle quadrupeds; and your God is one God, therefore to Him should you submit, and give good news to the humble whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned, and those who are patient under that which afflicts them�.

The act of sacrificing an animal is regarded as affecting the heart, as it is connected with righteousness, with submission to Allah, with humbleness of the heart, and patience under sufferings. So when one slaughters with the proper accompanying Intention and not for the sole purpose of eating the flesh on this occasion, one is again complying with the laws in the Holy Quran and completes yet another of the pillars of Islam. The animal sacrificed is symbolic of the animal in man (man�s nature). So, 

when he slaughters, he is reminded of the necessity to eliminate that �animal nature� which he has within him. It actually signifies the sacrifice of the sacrificer himself, and becomes the outward symbol of his readiness to lay down his life in the cause of the Supreme Creator of the universe. This sacrifice by the Muslims throughout the world on this particular occasion, is intended to let Muslim hearts beat in unison with the hundreds of thousands who have gone on Pilgrimage to Mecca (which is also a pillar of Islam and is compulsory on Muslims who can afford going there). 

They re-enact, as it were, the beautiful incident of old, where Almighty Allah had commanded Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) to sacrifice his then only son. On finding him obedient and prepared to act on His command, Allah submitted a ram for him to slaughter instead of his beloved son. Our Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) confirmed this act, and always covered his head with respect during sacrifice. He would lay the animal down and gently stroke it, then, placing his foot on the body and uttering the words �In the name of Allah, Allah is Great. O Allah! This is a sacrifice from You and is for You� he would speedily severe its throat, allowing the blood to flow readily with the least possible pain to the animal. 

The sacrifice is done after the I�d prayer is over . The chosen animal must be free from any apparent physical defect and must be fully grown and healthy. In the case of a goat or sheep, one suffices, but if it a camel or cow, seven may be partners thereto. Because many poor and beggars in the community cannot afford to sacrifice, this occasion allows for charity, and when the sacrifice is over the meat is divided as is necessary (one third minimum be allotted for distribution to the poor), the meat is delivered to the homes of the poor so that they too can enjoy and participate on this day of festival. As Islam does not permit wastage, whatever is left over of the meat may be dried, cured or prepared, so long as it is consumed and not wasted. The skin also must be disposed of and the funds used for charity. Almighty Allah says in the Holy Quran, Chapter 22 Verse 37:�Nor their flesh, nor their blood, reaches Allah, but to Him is acceptable observance of duty on your part�.

WHY SHOULD ONE MAKE QURBANI?

According to Tirmizi Shareef and Sunan Ibn Majah, Hazrat Ayesha (radi Allahu anha) stated that Rasoolullah (Sallallaahu alaihi wasallam) said, �The son of Adam does not do any action on the day of Qurbani which is more pleasing to Allah than the sacrifice of animals; and he will come on the day of Qiyamah with it�s hairs, horns and hooves (for reward); and the blood (of the sacrificed animal) certainly reaches Allah before it falls down to the ground. So make yourselves purified therewith.� 

In another Hadith related in Sunan Ibn Majah, Zaid bin Arqam reported that the companions of Rasoolullah (Sallallaahu alaihi wasallam) asked, �Oh! Messenger of Allah, what is this sacrifice?� He said, �The way of your forefather (Prophet) Ibrahim (alaihis salaam).� They said, �What is for us therein, O! Messenger of Allah?� He said, �There is one reward for every hair.� They said, �For wool, O! Messenger of Allah?� He said, �There is one reward for every strand of wool!�

WHEN MUST QURBANI BE MADE?

l Qurbani or Sacrifice is carried out from the 10th of Zil- Hijjah (i.e. from the day of Eid-ul-Adha) after the completion of the Eid Salaah and Khutba, till sunset on the 12th of Zil- Hijjah. The times of preference for Qurbani are the first day, i.e. the 10th of Zil-Hijjah from the completion of the Eid Salaah, followed by the second day and lastly the third day. l If for some reason, animals purchased for Qurbani are not slaughtered in the time and duration of the Qurbani period, i.e. 10th, 11th & 12th of Zil-Hijjah, then such animals must be donated alive to charity.

WHO SHOULD MAKE QURBANI? It is Waajib for every Muslim male and Muslim female who:-

a. has attained puberty (Baaligh)
b. is of sound mind (not insane)

c. possesses Nisaab for that moment in time, not necessarily for one Islamic calendar year (Nisaab is the value of excess wealth which makes a Muslim liable for Zakaah i.e. The possession of, or equivalent capital value of seven and half tolas gold (+ -3 ounces) or fifty two tolas of silver (+ � 20 ounces)

d. To make sacrifice in the Name of Allah l It is Waajib according to Imam-e-Azam Abu Hanifa (radi Allahu anhu) and Sunnat-e-Mu�akidda according to other Imams for Muslims to make Qurbani. l It is Waajib only for each Muslim male and female to make Qurbani for himself or herself; and not Waajib for him or her to make Qurbani for any other member of his or her family. It is only his or her duty to guide or instruct them to make Qurbani if they meet with the conditions of item in 1. above. 

In the same manner as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr, Qurbani is a Waajib obligation for Muslims every year on the occasion of  Eid-ul-Adha. It is not a once in a life-time duty. l It is permissible to make Qurbani in the name of Rasoolullah (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) and his Ummah or any other deceased Muslim as a Nafil Qurbani on condition that the person making the Nafil Qurbani has discharged his obligation in his own Waajib Qurbani first.

It is not Waajib or necessary for the following people to make Qurbani:-
a. one who has not attained puberty (not Baaligh) even if he or she possesses Nisaab.
b. A traveller (who is not yet Muqeem).
c. One who does not possess Nisaab during that specific period in time.
d. On who may be in possession of Nisaab bit has turned insane.

Any Muslim male or female who is not liable for Qurbani but purchases an animal for Qurbani for the sake of Almighty Allah, then the Qurbani becomes Waajib for him. Qurbani cannot be undertaken on behalf of another person upon who Qurbani is Waajib, without his or her prior consent.

WHAT ANIMALS MUST BE USED FOR QURBANI?

Only the following animals may be sacrificed for Qurbani:-

a. Goat and Sheep with a minimum of 1 year each.
b. Cattle with a minimum of 2 years.
c. Camels with a minimum of 5 years. Each goat or sheep suffices for Qurbani for one Muslim male or female; whereas each head of cattle or camel could represent the Qurbani for seven Muslim males and females, provided that:-
a. All seven participants have uniformity in Niyyah (i.e. either Qurbani or Aqeeqah).
b. All seven have an equal share, nobody is to have a larger portion than another even at the time of the distribution of the meat. It is permissible for less than seven people to have shares in a camel or a head of cattle for Qurbani; but not permissible for more than 7 people to do so.

WHAT TYPE OF DEFECTIVE ANIMALS ARE TO BE AVOIDED?

The animals for Qurbani in the Name of Almighty Allah shall be in prime condition of health and free from defects.

The following defects in animals disqualifies them from being used for Qurbani:- Animals without ears or more than one third of the ear is defective, partially blind (one third or more), or totally blind animals; animals with horns broken from the root; animals that have most or all their teeth missing; animals which have limbs broken or used three legs to walk; animals with a third or more or their tail cut off. Sick and emaciated animals that lack the ability to move or walk.

WHO SHOULD MAKE ZABAH OR SLAUGHTER AND WHAT IS TO BE RECITED?

Owners of Qurbani animals, whether male or female, who have the knowledge of making Zabah should slaughter their own animals. If other persons are appointed to slaughter on their behalf, then it is better for the owners of the Qurbani animals to be present at the place and time of slaughter.

Before slaughtering, the following Dua should be recited:

�Inni wajjahtu wajhiya lillazi fataras samawaati wal arda hanifaw wa maaa ana minal mushrikeen. Inna salaati wanusuki wa mahyaya wamamati lillahi rabbil a�lameen. La sharika lahu wabizaalika umirtu wa ana minal muslimeen. Allahumma minka walak.�

The person should then slaughter the animal reading: �Bismillahi Allahu Akbar.�

This Dua must also be read:

�Allahumma takabalhu minni kama takabalta min habeebika Muhammadiw wa Khaleelika Ibraheema alayhimas salaatu was salaamu.�

SOME IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS ABOUT ZABAH

The knife for Zabah has to be sharpened to the optimum, and the slaughter should be carried out quickly and effectively to minimise the suffering sustained by the animal. The throat of the Qurbani animal should be cut in a manner to ensure that the gullet, the wind pipe and the two external jugular veins are severed.It is Makrooh to severe the entire neck including the vertebrae. At least 3 of the four vessels mentioned above ought to be severed to meet Shari�ah requirements of proper Zabah. 

Every effort should be made to ensure that animals are not slaughtered in the presence of other live animals. In the process of slaughtering, the knife should be concealed till the moment of slaughter and the animal should be placed such that it allows the person slaughtering the animal to face Qibla, as this is Mustahab. The skinning of the slaughtered animal and dismembering of body parts should not commence until the animal�s carcase has turned cold. If after slaughtering an animal it is discovered that the animal was pregnant and a live foetus appears in the belly, then it is necessary to slaughter that foetus.

DISTRIBUTION OF QURBANI MEAT TO NON-MUSLIMS

Distribution of Qurbani meat or any other charity (sadqa) to �Harbi Kafir� is not permissable at all. It is mentioned in Durr-e-Mukhtar: �Even though a Harbi Kafir is peace-wanting, charity is unanimously not permissable.� In Behrur- Raiq: �According to Shar�ah, giving something to a Harbi Kafir is not permissable, for no Sawaab can be gained through this.�

IMPORTANT ADVICE FOR MUSLIMS

Many people make Qurbani on behalf of their parents, grandparents, Prophets and Saints, and not on their behalf. By doing so, they are neglecting their Waajib and thus become sinners through this action. Every Muslim must first make Qurbani on their behalf first so that their Waajib is fulfilled. Only after the Waajib is completed and if one is able to do so, can Qurbani be made on behalf of others. 

It is preferable to make Qurbani on behalf of Prophet Muhammad (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) as it is virtuous and beneficial and has his blessings. Our Prophet Muhammad (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) made Qurbani on behalf of all the poor people of his Ummah. This shows the love that he possessed for his Ummah. Therefore, every Muslim who is capable of making Qurbani on behalf of others should make Qurbani on behalf of our Holy Prophet Muhammad (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam).

ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING

Those who are ignorant about the proper Islamic method that is carried out in the slaughtering of animals do not hesitate in criticising Muslims and in regarding this Islamic method of slaughter as primitive, barbaric and a cruelty to animals. The aim of presenting this article is to inform the public that the Islamic method of slaughtering an animal is most humane, painless and better than the current methods of mechanical and electrial stunning of animals that are normally done in abbatoirs.

In order for large meat industries and commercial establishments to provide a much higher production, they all favour the method of mechanical and electrical stunning. They regard all other methods of slaughter as cruel and even manage to get the support of Animal Rights groups to oppose the Islamic method of slaughter. In the Islamic method of slaughtering an animal, the animal is slaughtered by a sharp object which is capable of making it bleed by severing blood vessels. The slaughtering is to be done by cutting the throat of the animal or by piercing the hollow of the throat, causing its death. 

The best way is to cut the windpipe, the gullet, and the two jugular veins. The wisdom of the Islamic rules of slaughtering is to take the animal�s life in the quickest and least painful way; the requirements of using a sharp instrument and of cutting the throat relate to this end. No additional stunner is necessary. This method also allows for the most rapid and effecient bleeding of the animal. When the sharp knife enters the tissues of the neck, its cuts open four big blood vessels in the region. So much blood is lost so quickly that the animal becomes unconsious and feels no pain. When the animal convulses, one gets the impression that it is undergoing pain and suffering. 

However, this is not the case. In the Islamic manner of slaughtering, the spinal cord is not severed since the nervous connection between the brain and the body is maintained so that all the blood is squeezed out of the body. When convulsion takes place, the wringing actions of the muscles of the body on the blood vessels help to get rid of the maximum amount of blood from the meat tissue. In fact, the occurence of convulsions confirm that the animal is unconscious. 

Thus, the animal also does not experience any pain. In view of the above considerations, attempts to discredit the Islamic method of slaughter are ill-conceived. Based on scientific evidence, it should not be too difficult for individuals and groups to give up their attempts to interfere with religious beliefs and religious laws in general. The Islamic method of slaughter has stood the test of time and of scientific enquiry and remains by far the best, the most effecient and the safest.